Continuing Counter Reformation: Tim Russert's University a Reaction to Bismarck's Kulterkampf of Wlodimir Ledochowski's Youthful Days

John Carroll University founded as St. Ignatius College by Jesuits expelled from Germany by Bismarck's Kulterkampf

[excerpted from below]

The Jesuits who founded St. Ignatius College were exiles from Germany, forced out by Bismarck's Kulturkampf. ... The principal instrument of this education was the classical course of seven years, in which the first three years were devoted to learning languages as necessary tools. The student was then considered prepared for university work. The next four years were devoted to the study of classical literature and Latin and Greek prose and poetry, and to developing the ability to express one's self in these languages, as well as in the vernacular, orally and in writing. The final year was devoted to philosophy.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carroll_University

History

The main building of St. Ignatius College, later to become John Carroll University. The building was the centerpiece of the original West 30th Street campus.

John Carroll University was founded in 1886 under the title of St. Ignatius College as a "college for men." It has been in continuous operation as a degree-granting institution since that time. Founded as the 19th of 28 Jesuit colleges and universities in the United States, it was founded 97 years after Georgetown University.^[2]

The Jesuits who founded St. Ignatius College were exiles from Germany, forced out by Bismarck's Kulturkampf. They brought with them the traditional structure of the Jesuit college as an extension of the apostolate of the religious community to prepare the student morally as well as intellectually. The principal instrument of this education was the classical course of seven years, in which the first three years were devoted to learning languages as necessary tools. The student was then considered prepared for university work. The next four years were devoted to the study of classical literature and Latin and Greek prose and poetry, and to developing the ability to express one's self in these languages, as well as in the vernacular, orally and in writing. The final year was devoted to philosophy. There were also electives in the sciences, history, and geography, as well as other subjects. If the student completed only six years, a certificate was given. Completion of the year of philosophy made the student eligible for the baccalaureate degree, which the college was empowered to grant when it was chartered in 1890 (State of Ohio 1890). The first two degrees were awarded in 1895.^[3]

In 1923, the College was renamed John Carroll University, after the first archbishop of the Catholic Church in the United States and founder of fellow Jesuit institution Georgetown University. In 1935, it was moved from its original location on the west side in the Ohio City neighborhood of Cleveland to its present site in University Heights, a suburb 10 miles east of downtown Cleveland. The city had been renamed from Idlewood during the construction of the campus.^[4]