Tuesday, June 22, 2010

Ontology: Lenat's Approach Versus Those That Would Let 'Many Flowers Bloom'


From a paper,Integration and Beyond: Linking Information from Disparate Sources and into Workflow, presented in part as the keynote to the Cornerstone on Integrating Information, one of four Cornerstone sessions included in the program of the AMIA Annual Fall Symposium, Washington, DC, November 6–10, 1999, and published in the Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association Volume 7 Number 2 Mar / Apr 2000 135

Abstract

The vision of integrating information—from a variety of sources, into the way people work, to improve decisions and process—is one of the cornerstones of biomedical informatics. Thoughts on how this vision might be realized have evolved as improvements in information and communication technologies, together with discoveries in biomedical informatics, and have changed the art of the possible. This review identified three distinct generations of ‘‘integration’’ projects. First generation projects create a database and use it for multiple purposes. Second generation projects integrate by bringing information from various sources together through enterprise information architecture. Third-generation projects inter-relate disparate but accessible information sources to provide the appearance of integration. The review suggests that the ideas developed in the earlier generations have not been supplanted by ideas from subsequent generations. Instead, the ideas represent a continuum of progress along the three dimensions of workflow, structure, and extraction.

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Member of the audience:

I’d like to ask a question about capturing ontologies from multiple people. Imagine for a moment that knowledge freezes long enough for us to try to catch it. Do you have a vision of a tool that will allow multiple knowledge-domain people to act at once? To work out discrepancies in their visions?

Mark Musen: Put differently, the question was how do we deal with the fact that there is no overarching ontology? How do we build the tools that will allow us to try to achieve consensus in ontologies? I think the answer to that question is that we do not know. I’m being a little bit facetious, but philosophers have been trying to deal with that problem for 2,000 to 3,000 years.

I think you see two different approaches in the computer science community. You see the approach that Doug Lenat has taken. He is trying to create an ontology that he believes will provide all the knowledge that one needs to read the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Such an overarching ontology would need to capture most of human existence. The real problem, though, is how you ever validate the distinctions made in that ontology and have confidence that things have been captured in a way that is consistent and understandable? How do you record all the assumptions that you make while constructing the ontology? When you have concepts like ‘‘semi-tangible object’’ and ‘‘semiintangible object,’’ it’s very hard to know for sure whether what one records about those distinctions really makes sense.

At the other end of the spectrum, you see people who really want a thousand flowers to bloom and who are not trying to achieve that kind of perfect alignment among views of the world. For example, the Knowledge Systems Laboratory at Stanford is trying to make constrained ontologies that deal with very narrow domains, so that the kinds of problems that you allude to do not happen, because the number of concepts in the ontology is relatively small. The answer lies somewhere between Doug Lenat’s view of the world, that all we have to do is work hard enough and everything will fall into place, and the view that we can’t possibly do this, so we have to have just a small number of constrained ontologies. We need to elucidate a set of principles that will provide the basis for tools that will help us try to, if not merge small ontologies, at least create the kinds of alignments that will allow us to bring them together in ways that make them useful.

Randy Miller: One of the things that I learned from my mentor, Jack Myers, is that as an informatician, as opposed to a philosopher or a computer scientist, you do not need to represent everything. If you have a problem at hand, you represent it at a level that is tractable and doable. If you do what Doug Lenat’s doing, you can spend your entire career representing stuff that is not ever going to be used in a real system, because there is no way to apply it. While that may sound harsh, the reality is that we do not know how to represent time, severity of finding, and severity of illness well at all, but we can still build systems that do diagnosis or a good job of making recommendations for therapy. So you do not have to capture the world in all its infinite detail. The trick is to understand what the critical information is and represent things at that level. Otherwise, you get mired in detail.

Mark Musen: Let me underscore your last point. Doug Lenat actually felt pretty confident that his ontology covered all the areas that one would want to deal with, until last year, when HotBot contracted to use CYC as the basis for indexing Web pages. This contract showed, first of all, that ontologies have incredible commercial potential, but it also pointed out to Doug Lenat that there was a whole realm of human experience that was not well represented in the ontology. Specifically, there was a need to categorize different kinds of pornography which Lenat had not thought about previously.

Member of the audience:

Health Level Seven’s development of a set of reference information models is one of the major efforts for creating a structure for ontologies in the United States. Can you talk about how your organizations are participating in the development of that reference information model (RIM) and how you are using your academic experiences to contribute to that effort among providers, academics, and vendors?

Bill Stead: Vanderbilt is an institutional member and a strong advocate of HL7. The central core of our communication subsystem uses HL7, and we build middle ware as needed to bridge between the core and legacy products. We have not put direct energy into the process for defining the reference information model. We use the HL7 model as a starting point, but we extend it as needed. In this way we incorporate it into immediate solutions to real problems, while providing useful information about future directions.

Bill Hersh: None of us has been involved directly in that effort. However, our research into the nature of ontologies and the vocabulary projects such as the Cannon Grouping should useful to the effort.

Mark Musen: I will just add that I think the vendor community is in the best position to work on ontology content, because they have the most direct connection with the needs of end users. I think that academicians need to follow this work very carefully. We are, we hope, in the best position to be developing the kinds of tools that will help us examine ontologies, relate them to each other, and allow them to evolve as our understanding of the world changes.

Randy Miller: I have a slightly contrary view, partly out of ignorance about HL7 RIM. The key question is what problems it is trying to solve. That should drive what the content is. If you can state the problems it is going to be used to solve, then you can say whether it should clinically rich. In that case it will require lots of input from academic clinicians. If it is to solve the problem of interchange of data among vendors then it needs vendor input. But until you explicitly state what it’s going to be used for, just building it for the sake of building it is not useful. I know that the HL7 RIM is not being built that way. I am just saying that I think that’s the way to address your question, to seek the specific purpose before giving an answer.

10 comments:

avles said...

I am to post a new message on my ABE blog on the argument, but I have difficulty to send it....

avles said...

OK , here's it:

http://avlesbeluskesexposed.blogspot.com/2010/06/jesuit-religious-ontological-filter-at.html

Wednesday, June 23, 2010
Jesuit Religious Ontological Filter at work also on YouTube?
>

I did many comments on You Tube videos. I put pieces of my messages. As I can't put the URL of the message, I hope the interested ones could get it on my personal YouTube page. After the experiment with the video of Thomas Richards about Vatican's engineered Hitler, which showed heavy difficulties of publishing comments (practically a censorship, of course not by Thomas Richards!), something allowed me to send comments. I soon realized that in many pages my comment was not appearing, even if the green OK was confirming the positive result of the procedure. Unfortunately I didn't organize all those failures in an 'ontological' set of censorship experience, from where to get a result. In any case even after days the page where I sent comment was yet lacking of it, meanwhile on my personal YouTube page the comment appeared as positively published - below, my comments, just only in the last two days:

avles said...

http://www.youtube.com/comment_search?username=avlesbeluskes

Sort by Rating | Sort by Time from avlesbeluskes
[Na oknu glej obrazek bled]
Na oknu glej obrazek bled
Because soon or later the Western allies would have abandoned the Zone A of the province of Trieste. And because only their presence was guaranteeing...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes
[Čez kraške gmajne (iz filma Trst je naš)]
Čez kraške gmajne (iz filma Trst je naš)
So the Italians dream a return in the same lands where the Fascist Savoy’s II armada, headed by general Roatta (a criminal of war never extradited...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes
But with a bit of intelligence and maliciousness. To sow those lands with alleged mass graves of Italians, and with emptied Italian villages, it was...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes
Italians have much in common with the traditional image of the Serbs: “Where’s Italian poured blood, there’s Italy!”. And after sixty years it...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes
[1/2 Intervista pubblica al regista di 'Trst je naš', Žiga Virc - Bora.La]
1/2 Intervista pubblica al regista di 'Trst je naš', Žiga Virc - Bora.La
So the Italians dream a return in the same lands where the Fascist Savoy’s II armada, headed by general Roatta (a criminal of war never extradited...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes
Well, courses and counter-courses of history. But with a bit of intelligence and maliciousness. To sow those lands with alleged mass graves of Italians,...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes
Italians have much in common with the traditional image of the Serbs: “Where’s Italian poured blood, there’s Italy!”. And after sixty years it...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes
[Ni sreče s Trstom]

avles said...

Ni sreče s Trstom
So the Italians dream a return in the same lands where the Fascist Savoy’s II armada, headed by general Roatta (a criminal of war never extradited...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes
[Hej, tovariši]
Hej, tovariši
Because soon or later the Western allies would have abandoned the Zone A of the province of Trieste. And because only their presence was guaranteeing...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes
[Janez Stanovnik in Ljubica Jelušič na Boču]
Janez Stanovnik in Ljubica Jelušič na Boču
To sow those lands with alleged mass graves of Italians, and with emptied Italian villages, it was a good politic idea of the secret diplomacy of the...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes
[ISTRIA ITALIANA]
ISTRIA ITALIANA
To sow those lands with alleged mass graves of Italians, and with emptied Italian villages, it was a good politic idea of the secret diplomacy of the...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes
So the Italians dream a return in the same lands where the Fascist Savoy’s II armada, headed by general Roatta (a criminal of war never extradited...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes
[Partizanske pjesme - Kraj Sutjeske hladne vode]
Partizanske pjesme - Kraj Sutjeske hladne vode
So the Italians dream a return in the same lands where the Fascist Savoy’s II armada, headed by general Roatta (a criminal of war never extradited...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes
[Partizanska pesem: KDO PA SO TI MLADI FANTJE]
Partizanska pesem: KDO PA SO TI MLADI FANTJE
So the Italians dream a return in the same lands where the Fascist Savoy’s II armada, headed by general Roatta (a criminal of war never extradited...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes
[Partizani - Cetnici 43:0 BORIS DVORNIK]
Partizani - Cetnici 43:0 BORIS DVORNIK
Because soon or later the Western allies would have abandoned the Zone A of the province of Trieste. And because only their presence was guaranteeing...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes
[Hej, Brigade!]
Hej, Brigade!
So the Italians dream a return in the same lands where the Fascist Savoy’s II armada, headed by general Roatta (a criminal of war never extradited...
posted 2 giorni fa by avlesbeluskes

avles said...

All that should require a more deep and rigorous analysis than this empirical exposition of the facts based on the personal memory. But I hope you understand. I don't have secretaries etc. like that Jesuit-Masonic intelligence manipulative Mafia, and I work all the day long, at home and on the job accumulating tirediness and confusion. Its just a (not Roman Catholic) miracle the fact that I can write something....

So I noted that my comments often are not appearing under You Tube videos. Maybe the comment of mine you are seeing now, are not visible from my IP. Maybe the answer you are sending to me will be visible only by you but not by me. And maybe only certain types of answers could be visible by every other user of that video page.... How much do you bet that these ones are the negative ones?
Of course I don't expect millions of favourable comments. I expect a natural rate of negative comments far higher than positive comments. But what is happening is homomorphic to a situation where an invisible hands ontologizes the interacting points of the web to create via informatic manipulation the desired religious mass brainwash.

Well, I am convinced that a sort of CYC ideological-religious filter is at work also on You Tube, and after having ascertained its presence in the s.c. "blogosphere", after having ascertained the importance of the "video-sphere" in to manipulate the consciences, it should be considered nearly a consequence in the Roman Catholic religious militarization of internet.

Below, the comments/answers I received since I started to use also YouTube to communicate with the s.c. 'public opinion'; notice the difference, I received, since the 27th April, 6 (six) comments (practically all negative comments), and give a look again to the number of comments I posted in only the last two days; of course I don't post such a number of comments every day, usually only when I write a message on my blogs I consider important; you can draw a conclusion without my further help:

avles said...

27/04/2010 23:31

28valkiria hat dir eine Nachricht gesendet:
DO YOU KNOW??
Most of your mainstream beliefs, chances are you will not want to continue reading, but I urge you to look into this with an open mind. I have proof to back up most of my claims, but I urge you to look into it yourself. The most dangerous, destructive, and influential fanatics in this world.!! Jews.!! Yes, that special group of people that no one wants to offend or speak out against. I will go into explicit detail of what they have done across the centuries, everything from the murder of Abel, to the murder of Jesus, to the massacre of millions of Russians and Ukrainians to the twin towers and deaths of our brave soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan, i will go into all these points in detail as I continue. My son was in Afghanistan(Canadian Army) he and many other soldiers knows just what kind of a lie the war is, and all we are dying for is Israel's security and the billions of dollars these Jewish internationals bankers make off the war. I support our troops to the end but i do not wa... mehr

15/05/2010 17:07

MindCrimesInc hat auf deinen Kommentar zu The Uniform Commercial Code: UCC = Slavery geantwortet:
@avlesbeluskes Why are you so worried about what other people think about you? Who cares if they call you a freak? You sound like a conformist. Scared to stand out from the crowd? As a wise man once said "Conformity is the jailer of freedom." and you sir are shackled tightly! You are the "slave" they refer to in this video. ;)

16/05/2010 09:02

Terrifyfy hat auf deinen Kommentar zu The Uniform Commercial Code: UCC = Slavery geantwortet:
@avlesbeluskes another 100 flowers? these knee jerk reactions show the general level of intelligence in the "truth" movement. Not that the truth movement deal with much substantial information, anyway..........

02/06/2010 14:12

Nahtahani hat auf deinen Kommentar zu Slovenska domobranska legija - Domobranci geantwortet:
@avlesbeluskes Jew -bolsheviki murder not only Orthodoxies Christians ,but ALL believer in every single the Gods. Jew such syphilitic �������� ����� ������� pseudonim "�����" make atheism of order Jew Mordechai Hirsh Eloach Levi pseudonim"Karlheinz Marx".Just because workers, peants and 100 000 thiefs and murders "revolutionaires" murdering all Russians nobility!!!Fuck Jews commie basrards for ever !!!Shamans Native on Sibir murdering too.

02/06/2010 15:16

mkt980 hat auf deinen Kommentar zu CENSURATO DALLE TV ITALIANE!GUARDALO TUTTO,ILLUMINANTE!1/5 geantwortet:
@avlesbeluskes bwawawa man, stop taking that shit it will kill you!

13:23

PhreakStep has replied to your comment on Hej brigade:
@avlesbeluskes

Are you fucking retarded that a Lie and a myth.
All artists killed?
Hitler himself was an artist (painter).


Well, the hypotesis of a overarching engineering of the minds of the world in a single uniformed collective mind (as the collective mind of ants, termites, rats colonies etc.), executed also via ontological manipulation of the internet, is not a freak idea, but a natural, spontaneous, logical consequence of the global religious expansionism of the Holy See and its controllers, the Jesuit order. If you want to to find a translation in informatic, abstract, scientific technical language of the concept of "Roman Catholicism" (Roman = the hyearchical authoritarian imperial system of governance; Catholic = from the Greek word meaning 'universal', is referred to the domain which must be submitted to the Romanization, hence the universality = all the world), you found it perfectly described between the lines and between the words of this apparently cold and specialized report:

avles said...

Differences with the original post are due to later corrections i did on it.

avles said...

"...At the other end of the spectrum, you see people who really want a thousand flowers to bloom and who are not trying to achieve that kind of perfect alignment among views of the world...."
-----------------------------------

>>> If they cannot suppress the differences they use them instigating a war among them.

avles said...

http://avlesbeluskesexposed.blogspot.com/2010/07/another-case-of-application-of.html

Tuesday, July 06, 2010
Another case of application of an Ontological Filter
>

There are passed about 5 (five) minutes since I sent some comments on the blog of Thomas Richards, below the message:

Tuesday, June 22, 2010
Father Marcial Maciel, was my dad, and he sexually abused me, Raul Gonzalez claims in lawsuit
By Michael Sheridan
DAILY NEWS STAFF WRITER
Tuesday, June 22nd 2010, 8:52 AM

Thomas richard, evidently is "online" and let the publication of my comments. The response of pubblication arrived by mail immediately and now I can see the comments. But why below the messaage, even if I refreshed the page, there's still the fatidical expression ..........

"0 comments"

?????

Look at the line at the bottom of the message:


Posted by T at 7:23 PM 0 comments Links to this post



And here are the comments which appear only after you click that "0 comments"!!!

avles said...

I answered to some question putted on the table by the Ontological cyber-chimps....

http://adrgegenreformationheute.blogspot.com/2010/06/doctor-tarcisio-bertone-or-how-commies.html

------------------------------
"....jackveronic said...

Well begun is half done. .............................."
----------------------------

.....and avles answered:

---------------------------
.....................
June 14, 2010 6:53 AM
avles said...

YES MY DEAR JKVERONIC, THOSE SERBIAN GENERALS OF THE MONARCHIC YUGO ARMY BEGUN VERY WELL............

http://adrgegenreformationheute.blogspot.com/2010/07/church-of-rome-playing-with-fire.html

The shameless church of Rome deliberately dares to manipulate the historical truth using the confusing term “revolution” for the clear reason that even the Yugoslav general commander of the military detachment of Zagreb, who surely was not under suspicion for Communist sympathies and enmity against his Serbian monarchy, in the days after that fateful 6th April 1941, issued the martial law order which imposed to immediately and without any hesitation shoot any collaborationist with the Fascist Italian and Nazi German aggressors. If those orders would have not been sabotaged ......

etc. etc.
-------------------------------

I'm waiting for the Ontological answers!